Total Knee Replacement
What is Total Knee Replacement?
Total Knee Replacement is a surgical procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in a severely damaged knee joint. It involves removing the worn-out or diseased surfaces of the knee and replacing them with artificial implants made of metal and plastic. A metal component is fixed to the femur (thigh bone), and a plastic spacer is attached to the top of the tibia (shin bone). This artificial joint allows smoother movement, improves stability, and significantly reduces discomfort during daily activities like walking or climbing stairs.
How Does the Need for Total Knee Replacement Arise?
Total Knee Replacement is typically recommended when knee damage becomes too severe to manage with non-surgical treatments. This often results from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, injury-related arthritis, or complex bone fractures. Patients may experience ongoing knee pain, swelling, and stiffness that interfere with basic movements. When medications, physical therapy, or injections are no longer effective, and the joint becomes unstable or deformed, Total Knee Replacement offers the most reliable solution for long-term relief and improved mobility.
Treatment for Knee Injury with Total Knee Replacement
When the knee joint is extensively damaged and no longer responds to conservative treatments, Total Knee Replacement is considered the most effective intervention. The surgical process involves removing the damaged bone and cartilage, then inserting prosthetic components that replicate the natural motion of the knee. This replacement restores alignment, relieves pressure, and allows for better leg function. The procedure is especially beneficial for older adults or individuals with advanced arthritis who have exhausted other options with limited success.
Preparing for Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Preparation for surgery includes a thorough medical evaluation, including imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to understand the joint structure and alignment. The surgeon will go over the procedure, possible complications, and the expected recovery plan. Patients are often asked to stop certain medications, such as blood thinners, and perform strengthening exercises to support the joint. Planning for recovery—such as organizing transportation, support at home, or home modifications—can make the post-operative period safer and more manageable.
What Happens During Total Knee Replacement Surgery?
Total Knee Replacement is performed under general anesthesia or a spinal block, depending on the patient's health and surgical plan. An incision is made at the front of the knee, allowing the surgeon to remove damaged surfaces and shape the bone for implant placement. Metal components are fixed to the femur and tibia, with a plastic insert placed between them to allow smooth motion. In some cases, the kneecap may also be resurfaced. The surgery usually lasts 1.5 to 2 hours, after which the incision is closed and dressed for healing.
Post-Surgery Recovery for Total Knee Replacement
Following the operation, patients are monitored closely and given guidelines for at-home care and rehabilitation. The knee is typically covered with a sterile bandage or compression dressing, and medications help manage pain and swelling. Cold therapy is often used to reduce inflammation. Physical therapy starts within a day or two to restore mobility and prevent stiffness. Most patients begin walking with assistance shortly after surgery and return to light activities within 6–8 weeks, although full healing takes several months. Heavy lifting and high-impact movements should be avoided.
Rehabilitation and Long-Term Recovery for Total Knee Replacement
Rehabilitation is critical to achieving the best results after Total Knee Replacement. Physical therapy starts with gentle movements and gradually shifts to strengthening exercises for muscles around the knee. Over 3 to 6 months, patients regain independence and return to daily tasks like walking, standing, or getting in and out of chairs. While recovery time can vary, most people report reduced pain and better function. Long-term care includes maintaining strength and avoiding high-impact sports. Routine follow-ups help ensure the knee joint remains aligned and the prosthesis performs well over time.
