Hemiarthroplasty

Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat hip joint damage, typically involving the replacement of only the femoral head (the ball of the joint) while preserving the natural socket (acetabulum). It is most often performed for fractures in the femoral neck, especially in elderly patients with limited mobility or those with pre-existing conditions. A metal prosthetic replaces the damaged femoral head, helping restore joint stability, reduce pain, and enable basic mobility, while minimizing the invasiveness of a full hip replacement.

Hemiarthroplasty is commonly recommended for patients with hip fractures that involve the femoral head but leave the socket undamaged. This is particularly seen in cases of displaced femoral neck fractures, often due to falls in older adults. Patients may experience sudden hip pain, inability to bear weight, and difficulty moving the leg. When bone healing is unlikely or when joint preservation is not feasible, hemiarthroplasty offers a reliable surgical option to restore basic function and prevent prolonged immobility.

Hemiarthroplasty is an effective treatment when the femoral head is damaged beyond repair, but the acetabulum remains intact. During the procedure, the damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a metal prosthesis that fits securely into the thigh bone. This allows the natural socket to continue functioning without being replaced. The treatment is especially suited for older patients with lower activity levels or those who are not candidates for total hip replacement due to health conditions.

Before surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted, including physical examination and imaging such as X-rays or CT scans to assess the nature of the fracture. The surgeon explains the procedure, recovery timeline, and potential risks. Patients may be advised to stop certain medications, like blood thinners, and begin pre-surgical physiotherapy to maintain strength in the unaffected limb. Planning for postoperative care, including help at home and mobility aids, is crucial to support early rehabilitation and recovery.

Hemiarthroplasty is usually performed under spinal or general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision over the hip to access the joint and removes the fractured femoral head. A metal prosthesis, shaped to mimic the original bone structure, is inserted into the femur and secured in place. The natural socket is left untouched, and the artificial head fits into it to allow joint movement. The procedure typically takes 1.5 to 2 hours. The incision is then closed and a dressing is applied over the site.

Following surgery, patients are closely monitored before being discharged with detailed aftercare instructions. Pain management, wound care, and prevention of blood clots are key early concerns. Ice packs may be applied to reduce swelling. Physical therapy usually begins within a day or two to encourage walking and joint mobility. Most patients are able to resume basic activities like standing and short walks within 6–8 weeks. However, more demanding physical activities should be avoided during the healing phase.

Rehabilitation is essential for regaining strength and mobility after Hemiarthroplasty. Physical therapy starts with basic motion exercises and gradually progresses to muscle strengthening and balance training. Over 3 to 6 months, patients typically return to daily functions such as walking, climbing stairs, or dressing independently. Most elderly patients report pain relief and improved stability. Long-term, patients should avoid high-impact activities, and regular checkups with the orthopedic team ensure the prosthesis continues to function well