Partial Knee Replacement

Partial Knee Replacement is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat damage in a specific part of the knee joint—either the inner (medial), outer (lateral), or front (patellofemoral) compartment. Unlike total knee replacement, only the damaged area is resurfaced with a metal and plastic implant, while healthy bone and ligaments are preserved. This targeted approach offers a quicker recovery, less postoperative pain, and more natural knee function compared to full joint replacement for eligible patients.

Partial Knee Replacement is typically recommended when damage is confined to a single compartment of the knee, often due to early-stage osteoarthritis. Patients may experience localized pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility that affect daily life, especially during activities like walking or bending. When medications, injections, or physical therapy no longer provide relief, and imaging shows that the rest of the knee is healthy, partial replacement can be a highly effective solution to improve function and relieve discomfort.

Partial Knee Replacement is ideal when only one part of the knee is affected, making it a less invasive treatment option compared to total knee replacement. During the procedure, only the damaged cartilage and bone are removed, and a small implant is placed in the affected compartment. This preserves more of the knee's natural structure and motion. The technique is especially suitable for younger or more active individuals who want to maintain mobility and delay the need for a full replacement.

Before surgery, patients undergo a detailed evaluation, including weight-bearing X-rays and possibly MRI scans to assess the extent of joint damage. The orthopedic surgeon will review treatment goals, procedure details, and potential risks. Patients may be advised to pause certain medications and begin pre-surgical exercises to support knee strength. Arranging for short-term home support and mobility aids helps ensure a smoother recovery, especially during the first few weeks after surgery.

Partial Knee Replacement is performed under general or regional anesthesia. A small incision is made over the knee to access the affected compartment. The surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone, shaping the area to fit the implant components. A metal cap is fixed to the bone, and a plastic spacer is inserted to provide smooth joint movement. The rest of the knee remains untouched. The procedure usually takes 1.5 to 2 hours. After the implant is secured, the incision is closed and the area is bandaged.

After surgery, patients are monitored briefly before discharge with guidelines for home care and follow-up. A dressing is applied to the knee, and pain relief medications are prescribed. Ice packs may be used to reduce swelling. Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery to maintain mobility and strength. Many patients walk with minimal assistance within a few days and return to light daily activities in 6–8 weeks. Recovery is often quicker than total replacement, but strenuous activities should still be avoided initially.

Rehabilitation is essential to achieving full benefit from Partial Knee Replacement. Physical therapy progresses from gentle motion exercises to strengthening surrounding muscles and improving balance. Over the next 3 to 6 months, patients resume everyday tasks like walking, driving, and climbing stairs more comfortably. Long-term outcomes are generally excellent for properly selected patients. To ensure implant durability and joint health, high-impact sports should be avoided, and regular follow-ups with the surgeon are advised.