Bankart Repair

Bankart Repair is a surgical procedure used to treat a torn Bankart ligament, a type of injury to the shoulder joint that often occurs due to a shoulder dislocation. The Bankart ligament is part of the labrum, the cartilage that helps stabilize the shoulder by keeping the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) in the shallow socket of the scapula (shoulder blade). When the shoulder dislocates, the Bankart ligament may tear, leading to instability and a higher risk of future dislocations. Bankart Repair aims to reattach the torn ligament to its original position to restore stability to the shoulder and reduce the risk of recurrent dislocations.

Bankart tears typically occur following traumatic events such as a shoulder dislocation, especially in athletes or individuals engaged in high-impact sports like football, basketball, or wrestling. Recurrent shoulder dislocations are often the result of a Bankart lesion, where the labrum becomes detached from the glenoid (the socket part of the shoulder joint). This causes the shoulder to become unstable, resulting in pain, weakness, and the sensation that the shoulder is "giving way." Bankart Repair is recommended when non-surgical treatments, such as physical therapy or bracing, fail to prevent further dislocations or restore stability, or when the patient experiences significant pain and disability from the injury.

Non-surgical treatments like physical therapy, rest, and anti-inflammatory medications are often recommended for initial management of a Bankart lesion. These treatments aim to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and improve stability. However, if the tear is severe or leads to recurrent dislocations, Bankart Repair surgery becomes necessary. The procedure involves reattaching the torn labrum to the glenoid using sutures or anchors. In some cases, bone grafting may be necessary to improve the stability of the socket. The goal of the surgery is to restore the shoulder's stability, alleviate pain, and reduce the risk of future dislocations or other complications.

Before undergoing Bankart Repair, patients typically undergo a thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as MRI or X-rays, to assess the extent of the tear and any other damage to the shoulder joint. The surgeon will review the procedure, anesthesia options, and recovery expectations with the patient. Preoperative physical therapy may be recommended to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and reduce inflammation. Patients are advised to avoid taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, prior to surgery. Emotional preparation is also important, as recovery from Bankart Repair can be lengthy, and rehabilitation is crucial for the best outcomes.

Bankart Repair is typically performed under general anesthesia, and in most cases, the procedure is done arthroscopically, meaning through small incisions using a camera (arthroscope) to guide the surgery. The surgeon accesses the shoulder joint and reattaches the torn labrum to the glenoid using sutures, anchors, or a combination of both. In some cases, bone grafting is required if there has been significant damage to the bone structure around the shoulder socket. Once the labrum is reattached, the surgeon checks for proper stability before closing the incisions. The procedure usually takes 1-2 hours, depending on the complexity of the tear and any additional procedures performed.

After Bankart Repair surgery, patients are typically monitored in a recovery room to manage pain and prevent complications such as infection or blood clots. The shoulder is placed in a sling to immobilize it and allow the labrum to heal. Pain management is a priority, and medications are provided to keep discomfort under control. The first few days after surgery are crucial for proper healing, and patients are usually instructed to avoid moving the shoulder too much. Early physical therapy begins within the first week, focusing on gentle range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness. Most patients stay in the hospital for a short period and can return home with the help of a caregiver.

Rehabilitation is a critical component of recovery after Bankart Repair. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery and focuses on regaining shoulder mobility, reducing pain, and improving strength. Initially, exercises are designed to prevent stiffness and encourage gentle movement. As the healing progresses, more advanced exercises are introduced to restore strength and stability in the shoulder muscles. Full recovery may take 4-6 months, with some patients returning to sports and high-impact activities after 6-9 months, depending on the individual and the severity of the injury. Long-term care involves maintaining shoulder strength through regular exercise and avoiding activities that could lead to re-injury. Regular follow-up appointments with the surgeon are essential to ensure proper healing and shoulder stability.